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Paranucleospora theridion (Microsporidia) infection dynamics in farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar put to sea in spring and autumn

Sveen, Silje; Øverland, Hanne; Karlsbakk, Egil; Nylund, Are
Journal article, Peer reviewed
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/109246
Date
2012-10-10
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Original version
http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02464
Abstract
The microsporidian Paranucleospora theridion (syn. Desmozoon lepeophtheirii) is a

parasite of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and also a hyperparasite of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus

salmonis. The parasite develops 2 types of spores in salmon, cytoplasmic spores in phagocytes

and intranuclear spores in epidermal cells. The former type of development is assumed to be

propagative (autoinfection), while the epidermal spores transfer the parasite to lice. Development

in lice is extensive, with the formation of xenoma-like hypertrophic cells filled with microsporidian

spores. We show that salmon are infected in the absence of lice, likely through waterborne spores

that initiate infections in the gills. During summer and autumn the parasite propagates in the kidney,

as evidenced by peaking normalised expression of P. theridion rRNA. Lice become infected

during autumn, and develop extensive infections during winter. Lice mortality in winter and

spring is likely responsible for a reservoir of spores in the water. Salmon transferred to sea in

November (low temperature) did not show involvement of the kidney in parasite propagation and

lice on such fish did not become infected. Apparently, low temperatures inhibit normal P. theridion

development in salmon.
Publisher
Inter-Research
Journal
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms

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