Viral and bacterial diseases of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, their prophylaxis and treatment: a review
Samuelsen, Ole Bent; Nerland, Audun H.; Jørgensen, Trond; Schrøder, Merete Bjørgan; Svåsand, Terje; Bergh, Øivind
Journal article, Peer reviewed
Permanent lenke
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/108195Utgivelsesdato
2006-08-30Metadata
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Originalversjon
http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao071239Sammendrag
This review summarises the state of knowledge of both viral and bacterial diseases of
Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, and their diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment. The most important
losses have been at the larval and juvenile stages, and vibriosis has long been the most important
bacterial disease in cod, with Listonella (Vibrio) anguillarum dominant among pathogenic isolates.
Vaccination of cod against pathogens such as L. anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida clearly
demonstrates that the cod immune system possesses an effective memory and appropriate mechanisms
sufficient for protection, at least against some diseases. Well-known viruses such as the
nodavirus that causes viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), infectious pancreatic necrosis
virus (IPNV) and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) have been isolated from Atlantic cod
and can be a potential problem under intensive rearing conditions. No commercial vaccines against
nodavirus are currently available, whereas vaccines against IPNV infections based upon inactivated
virus as well as IPNV recombinant antigens are available. A number of investigations of the pharmacokinetic
properties of antibacterial agents in cod and their efficacy in treating bacterial infections
have been reviewed.