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dc.contributor.authorSmedsrud, Lars Henrik
dc.contributor.authorMuilwijk, Morven
dc.contributor.authorEldevik, Tor
dc.contributor.authorÅrthun, Marius
dc.contributor.authorBrakstad, Ailin
dc.contributor.authorMadonna, Erica
dc.contributor.authorLauvset, Siv Kari
dc.contributor.authorSpensberger, Clemens
dc.contributor.authorBorn, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorDrange, Helge
dc.contributor.authorJeansson, Emil
dc.contributor.authorLi, Camille
dc.contributor.authorOlsen, Are
dc.contributor.authorSkagseth, Øystein
dc.contributor.authorSlater, Donald
dc.contributor.authorStraneo, Fiammetta
dc.contributor.authorVåge, Kjetil
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-26T09:46:45Z
dc.date.available2022-01-26T09:46:45Z
dc.date.created2021-12-13T10:40:12Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.issn8755-1209
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2839388
dc.description.abstractPoleward ocean heat transport is a key process in the earth system. We detail and review the northward Atlantic Water (AW) flow, Arctic Ocean heat transport, and heat loss to the atmosphere since 1900 in relation to sea ice cover. Our synthesis is largely based on a sea ice-ocean model forced by a reanalysis atmosphere (1900-2018) corroborated by a comprehensive hydrographic database (1950-), AW inflow observations (1996-), and other long-term time series of sea ice extent (1900-), glacier retreat (1984-) and Barents Sea hydrography (1900-). The Arctic Ocean, including the Nordic and Barents Seas, has warmed since the 1970s. This warming is congruent with increased ocean heat transport and sea ice loss and has contributed to the retreat of marine-terminating glaciers on Greenland. Heat loss to the atmosphere is largest in the Nordic Seas (60% of total) with large variability linked to the frequency of Cold Air Outbreaks and cyclones in the region, but there is no long-term statistically significant trend. Heat loss from the Barents Sea (∼30%) and Arctic seas farther north (∼10%) is overall smaller, but exhibit large positive trends. The AW inflow, total heat loss to the atmosphere, and dense outflow have all increased since 1900. These are consistently related through theoretical scaling, but the AW inflow increase is also wind-driven. The Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake has increased by ∼30% over the last century - consistent with Arctic sea ice loss allowing stronger air-sea interaction and is ∼8% of the global uptake.
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.urihttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020RG000725
dc.titleNordic Seas Heat Loss, Atlantic Inflow, and Arctic Sea Ice cover over the last century
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
dc.description.versionpublishedVersion
dc.source.volume60
dc.source.journalReviews of Geophysics
dc.source.issue1
dc.identifier.doi10.1029/2020RG000725
dc.identifier.cristin1967628
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 276730
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode2


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