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dc.contributor.authorBeyer, Jonny
dc.contributor.authorGoksøyr, Anders
dc.contributor.authorHjermann, Dag Øystein
dc.contributor.authorKlungsøyr, Jarle
dc.date.accessioned2020-10-27T12:43:56Z
dc.date.available2020-10-27T12:43:56Z
dc.date.created2020-10-08T11:34:48Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.citationMarine Environmental Research. 2020, 162 .
dc.identifier.issn0141-1136
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2685266
dc.description.abstractProduced water (PW), a large byproduct of offshore oil and gas extraction, is reinjected to formations or discharged to the sea after treatment. The discharges contain dispersed crude oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols (APs), metals, and many other constituents of environmental relevance. Risk-based regulation, greener offshore chemicals and improved cleaning systems have reduced environmental risks of PW discharges, but PW is still the largest operational source of oil pollution to the sea from the offshore petroleum industry. Monitoring surveys find detectable exposures in caged mussel and fish several km downstream from PW outfalls, but biomarkers indicate only mild acute effects in these sentinels. On the other hand, increased concentrations of DNA adducts are found repeatedly in benthic fish populations, especially in haddock. It is uncertain whether increased adducts could be a long-term effect of sediment contamination due to ongoing PW discharges, or earlier discharges of oil-containing drilling waste. Another concern is uncertainty regarding the possible effect of PW discharges in the sub-Arctic Southern Barents Sea. So far, research suggests that sub-arctic species are largely comparable to temperate species in their sensitivity to PW exposure. Larval deformities and cardiac toxicity in fish early life stages are among the biomarkers and adverse outcome pathways that currently receive much attention in PW effect research. Herein, we summarize the accumulated ecotoxicological knowledge of offshore PW discharges and highlight some key remaining knowledge needs.
dc.language.isoeng
dc.titleEnvironmental effects of offshore produced water discharges: A review focused on the Norwegian continental shelf
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
dc.description.versionpublishedVersion
dc.source.pagenumber20
dc.source.volume162
dc.source.journalMarine Environmental Research
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105155
dc.identifier.cristin1838169
dc.relation.projectMiljødirektoratet: 18087046
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode2


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