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Tenacibaculum sp. associated with winter ulcers in sea-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Olsen, Anne Berit; Nilsen, Helene; Sandlund, Nina; Mikkelsen, Helene; Sørum, H.; Colquhoun, D.J.
Journal article, Peer reviewed
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/117158
Date
2011-05-09
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  • The Biological Mechanisms Programme [28]
Original version
http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02324
Abstract
Coldwater-associated ulcers, i.e. winter ulcers, in seawater-reared Atlantic salmon

Salmo salar L. have been reported in Norway since the late 1980s, and Moritella viscosa has been

established as an important factor in the pathogenesis of this condition. As routine histopathological

examination of winter ulcer cases in our laboratory revealed frequent presence in ulcers of long, slender

rods clearly different from M. viscosa, a closer study focusing on these bacteria was conducted.

Field cases of winter ulcers during 2 sampling periods, 1996 and 2004–2005, were investigated and

long, slender rods were observed by histopathological examination in 70 and 62.5% of the ulcers

examined, respectively, whereas cultivation on marine agar resulted in the isolation of yellowpigmented

colonies with long rods from 3 and 13% of the ulcers only. The isolates could be separated

into 2 groups, both identified as belonging to the genus Tenacibaculum based on phenotypic characterization

and 16S rRNA sequencing. Bath challenge for 7 h confirmed the ability of Group 1 bacterium

to produce skin and cornea ulcers. In fish already suffering from M. viscosa-induced ulcers,

co-infection with the Group 1 bacterium was established within 1 h. Ulcers from field cases of winter

ulcers and from the transmission experiments tested positive by immunohistochemistry with polyclonal

antiserum against the Group 1 bacterium but not the Group 2 bacterium. Our results strongly

indicate the importance of the Group 1 bacterium in the pathogenesis of winter ulcers in Norway. The

bacterium is difficult to isolate and is therefore likely to be underdiagnosed based on cultivation only.
Publisher
Inter-Research
Journal
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms

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