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Spawning and development of Calanus spp. in the Barents Sea

Skjoldal, Hein Rune; Melle, Webjørn
Working paper
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CM_1994_L_22.pdf (7.687Mb)
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/105334
Date
1994
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  • ICES CM documents authored by IMR scientists (1949-2011) [3138]
Original version
This report is not to be cited without prior reference to the authors  
Abstract
From 1986 to 1988 eight cruises were conducted in the Barents Sea, covering

Atlantic water in central parts of the Sea and meltwater and Arctic water in

the Polar front region. During the cruises hydrography, nutrients,

phytoplankton biomass and abundances of life stages of the three Calanus

species; C. finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus, were mapped. From

this, development and spawning of the copepods in different water masses

were related to the timing and progress of the phytoplankton spring bloom.

In central parts of the Atlantic water stabilization was caused by formation of

a thermocline due to atmospheric warming and the process was time

dependent. Phytoplankton spring bloom development was closely related to

water column stability. Rates of egg production of the female populations of

C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis showed strong correlations with chlorophyll

content, indicating a functional relationship between spawning and food

supply.

In the meltwater region water column stabilization was caused by ice melting,

which is not purely a time dependent process. However, also in this region a

close relationship between phytoplankton spring bloom development and

spawning of C. glacialis was found. Spawning of C. finmarchicus was out of

phase with the spring bloom and peaked during the post-bloom period. This

was explained by a retarded development of the overwintered stock of C.

finmarchicus in the meltwater region. In Arctic water development seemed

to be slower for both species. Thus, mis-match between the phytoplankton

bloom and spawning of C. finmarchicus due to retarded development is

suggested as the main factor making this species an expatriate of the northern

Barents Sea. In C. glacialis a two-year life cycle in the warmer parts of the

Barents Sea, may result in a too long life span relative to the mortality rate of

this area, and the species may be expatriated in the southern Barents Sea.

C. hyperboreus was found to spawn in January and February, or earlier, well

before the spring bloom. The nauplii, however, did not develop beyond stage

NIII which is the first feeding stage until the food concentrations increased

during the spring bloom.
Publisher
ICES
Series
ICES CM Documents;1994/L:22

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