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    • Machine intelligence and the data-driven future of marine science 

      Malde, Ketil; Handegard, Nils Olav; Eikvil, Line; Salberg, Arnt Børre (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
      Oceans constitute over 70% of the earth’s surface, and the marine environment and ecosystems are central to many global challenges. Not only are the oceans an important source of food and other resources, but they also ...

    • Machine Learning + Marine Science: Critical Role of Partnerships in Norway 

      Handegard, Nils Olav; Eikvil, Line; Jenssen, Robert; Kampffmeyer, Michael; Salberg, Arnt Børre; Malde, Ketil (Others, 2021)
      In this essay, we review some recent advances in developing machine learning (ML) methods for marine science applications in Norway. We focus mostly on deep learning (DL) methods and review the challenges we have faced in ...

    • Machine learning in marine ecology: an overview of techniques and applications 

      Rubbens, Peter; Brodie, Stephanie; Cordier, Tristan; Desto Barcellos, Diogo; DeVos, Paul; Fernandes-Salvador, Jose A; Fincham, Jennifer; Gomes, Alessandra; Handegard, Nils Olav; Howell, Kerry L.; Jamet, Cédric; Kartveit, Kyrre Heldal; Moustahfid, Hassan; Parcerisas, Clea; Politikos, Dimitris V.; Sauzède, Raphaëlle; Sokolova, Maria; Uusitalo, Laura; Van den Bulcke, Laure; van Helmond, Aloysius; Watson, Jordan T.; Welch, Heather; Beltran-Perez, Oscar; Chaffron, Samuel; Greenberg, David S.; Kühn, Bernhard; Kiko, Rainer; Lo, Madiop; Lopes, Rubens M.; Möller, Klas Ove; Michaels, William; Pala, Ahmet; Romagnan, Jean-Baptiste; Schuchert, Pia; Seydi, Vahid; Villasante, Sebastian; Malde, Ketil; Irisson, Jean-Olivier (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Machine learning covers a large set of algorithms that can be trained to identify patterns in data. Thanks to the increase in the amount of data and computing power available, it has become pervasive across scientific ...

    • Mackerel behaviour and seismic signals - a pilot net pen study 

      Sivle, Lise Doksæter; Hansen, Rune Roland; Karlsen, Hans Erik; Handegard, Nils Olav (Rapport fra Havforskningen;19-2016, Working paper, 2016-04-28)
      English: A pilot study to investigate behavioural changes induced by sound exposure for mackerel was conducted in October 2015 at Austevoll research station. The main objective was to test the experimental set up, and ...

    • Mackerel egg investigations in the North Sea 

      Iversen, Svein A.; Westgård, Trond (ICES CM Documents;1984/H:38, Working paper, 1984)
      This paper deals with the mackerel egg investigations in the North Sea in 1982 and 1983. The egg production is estimated by a computerized method. The confidence limits of the egg samples were estimated at 20-30%. The ...

    • Macro- and microplastics as complex threats to coral reef ecosystems 

      Zhang, Wei; Sik Ok, Yong; Bank, Michael; Sonne, Christian (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      The impacts of macroplastics (macro-), microplastics (MPs, <5mm), and nanoplastics (NPs, <100 nm) on corals and their complex reef ecosystems are receiving increased attention and visibility. MPs represent a major, ...

    • Macroalgal detritus and food-web subsidies along an Arctic fjord depth-gradient 

      Renaud, Paul; Løkken, Therese Smelnor; Jørgensen, Lis Lindal; Berge, Jørgen; Johnson, Beverly J. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015-06-05)
      Tight coupling between pelagic and benthic communities is accepted as a general principle on Arctic shelves. Whereas this paradigm has been useful for guiding ecological research, it has perhaps led to a disproportionate ...

    • Macronutrient biogeochemistry in Antarctic land-fast sea ice: Insights from a circumpolar data compilation 

      Henley, Sian F.; Cozzi, Stefano; Fripiat, François; Lannuzel, Delphine; Nomura, Daiki; Thomas, David N.; Meiners, Klaus M.; Vancoppenolle, Martin; Arrigo, Kevin; Stefels, Jacqueline; van Leeuwe, Maria; Moreau, Sebastien; Jones, Elizabeth Marie; Fransson, Agneta; Chierici, Melissa; Delille, Bruno (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Antarctic sea ice plays an important role in Southern Ocean biogeochemistry and mediating Earth's climate system. Yet our understanding of biogeochemical cycling in sea ice is limited by the availability of relevant data ...

    • Macrophytes as habitat for fish 

      Christie, Hartvig C; Andersen, Guri Sogn; Tveiten, Lise Ann; Moy, Frithjof Emil (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      As different macrophyte habitats house different distributions of invertebrates, we questioned if differences in the composition of fish in these habitats also could be identified. Additionally, we addressed the question ...

    • Magnetic Compass Orientation in the European Eel 

      Durif, Caroline M.F.; Browman, Howard I.; Phillips, John B.; Skiftesvik, Anne Berit; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn; Stockhausen, Hans Hagen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013-03-15)
      European eel migrate from freshwater or coastal habitats throughout Europe to their spawning grounds in the Sargasso Sea. However, their route (~ 6000 km) and orientation mechanisms are unknown. Several attempts have been ...

    • Magnetic Compass Orientation in the European Eel 

      Durif, Caroline; Browman, Howard; Phillips, John B.; Skiftesvik, Anne Berit; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn; Stockhausen, Hagen (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2013)

    • Magnetic fields generated by submarine power cables have a negligible effect on the swimming behavior of Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) juveniles 

      Durif, Caroline; Nyqvist, Daniel; Taormina, Bastien; Shema, Steven; Skiftesvik, Anne Berit; Freytet, Florian; Browman, Howard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Submarine power cables carry electricity over long distances. Their geographic distribution, number, and areal coverage are increasing rapidly with the development of, for example, offshore wind facilities. The flow of ...

    • Magnetic fields generated by the DC cables of offshore wind farms have no effect on spatial distribution or swimming behavior of lesser sandeel larvae (Ammodytes marinus) 

      Cresci, Alessandro; Perrichon, Prescilla; Durif, Caroline; Sørhus, Elin; Johnsen, Espen; Bjelland, Reidun Marie; Larsen, Torkel; Skiftesvik, Anne Berit; Browman, Howard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      In the North Sea, the number and size of offshore wind (OW) turbines, together with the associated network of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) subsea cables, will increase rapidly over the coming years. HVDC cables produce ...

    • Maintaining precision calibrations with optimal copper spheres 

      Foote, Kenneth G. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 1983)
      Effects of variations in quantities influencing the backscattering cross sections of solid elastic spheres are studied through a particular case. This is that of the 60-mm-diam copper sphere, which is being used worldwide ...

    • Maintenance of genetic diversity: challenges for management of marine resources 

      Kenchington, Ellen; Heino, Mikko (ICES CM documents, Working paper, 2002)
      There are three general classes of threat to biodiversity at the gene level: 1) extinction, which results in complete and irreversible loss of genes; 2) hybridization, which may cause re-arrangement of co-adapted genes and ...

    • Major fine-scale spatial heterogeneity in accumulation of gelatinous carbon fluxes on the deep seabed 

      Hoving, Henk-Jan; Boetius, Antje; Dunlop, Katherine Mary; Greinert, Jens; Haeckel, Matthias; Jones, Daniel O. B.; Simon-Lledó, Erik; Marcon, Yann; Stratmann, Tanja; Suck, Inken; Sweetman, Andrew Kvassnes; Purser, Autun (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Abyssal plain communities rely on the overlying water column for a settling flux of organic matter. The origin and rate of this flux as well as the controls on its fine-scale spatial distribution following seafloor settlement ...

    • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) variation and susceptibility to the sea louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar 

      Glover, Kevin A.; Grimholt, Unni; Bakke, H.G.; Nilsen, Frank; Storset, Arne; Skaala, Øystein (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2007-06-07)
      The relationship between genetic variation in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I and II genes and susceptibility to sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer) in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (L.) was studied ...

    • Makevalg hos homarid hummer; kan de gjenkjenne sin egen art? 

      van der Meeren, Gro; Chandrapavan, Arani; Breithaupt, Thomas (Fisken og havet, Research report, 2003)
      As European and American lobsters are so similar that it is difficult to spot the difference, and as they have so many similarities in behaviour and life history, this study was initiated to test if they could make ...

    • Making the best of lousy circumstances: The impact of salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis on depth preference of sea trout Salmo trutta 

      Mohn, Agnes Marie; Vollset, Knut; Karlsbakk, Egil (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Sea trout are known for seeking out sources of freshwater to rid themselves of salmon lice. However, the effect of natural haloclines in fjords on parasite dynamics is not well understood. We tagged 48 naturally infested ...

    • Making use of Johan Hjort's “unknown” legacy: reconstruction of a 150-year coastal time-series on northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) liver data reveals long-term trends in energy 

      Kjesbu, Olav Sigurd; Opdal, Anders Frugård; Korsbrekke, Knut; Devine, Jennifer A.; Skjæraasen, Jon Egil (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2014-03-11)
      Hidden within the seminal 1914 publication by Johan Hjort, we find what is probably one of the first comprehensive teleost time-series ever published. The series is liver size and fat content of northeast Arctic (NEA) cod ...