• Near-Surface Stratification Due to Ice Melt Biases Arctic Air-Sea CO2 Flux Estimates 

      Dong, Yuanxu; Yang, Mingxi; Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Liss, Peter S.; Kitidis, Vassilis; Brown, Ian; Chierici, Melissa; Fransson, Agneta; Bell, Thomas G. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Air-sea carbon dioxide (CO2) flux is generally estimated by the bulk method using upper ocean CO2 fugacity measurements. In the summertime Arctic, sea-ice melt results in stratification within the upper ocean (top ∼10 m), ...