Proteomics for food and feed authentication in the circular food chain

Abstract

Background Ensuring consumer trust is critical in the circular economy and the reintroduction of animal proteins into the food chain. Authentication of the tissue and species-specific origin of food and feed samples is crucial for maintaining food and food supply chain safety. Along with analytical methods such as DNA-based methods, microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), proteomic methods can also be implemented for food authentication and safety. Scopes and approaches This review focuses on applications of state-of-the-art proteomics methods to safeguard food and feed chains in circular food production systems. Specifically, the utilization of targeted and untargeted proteomics approaches in the safe reintroducing processed animal proteins (PAPs) into the feed supply chain is discussed in a regulatory context. Furthermore, the implementation of proteomics along with DNA-based methods in the authentication of fish and insect species in food and feed products will benefit detection of fraudulent practices. Proteomic techniques such as targeted and untargeted approaches are discussed to tackle authentication challenges and safeguard food safety. Key findings We discuss the implementation of proteomic methods in detecting and quantifying prohibited protein material, addressing authentication challenges, and ensuring the integrity of food and feed products. For PAP product species and tissue, origins can be accurately determined through targeted proteomic approaches. Moreover, untargeted proteomics offers the capability of detecting allergens from novel foods such as insects and avoiding potential food fraud. Integrating proteomic methods into routine food and feed analysis workflows shows promise for enhancing regulatory compliance, consumer confidence, and overall food safety in circular food production systems.